Sally's lack of interest in rewards demonstrates which concept in motivation?

Sally's lack of interest in rewards illustrates the concept of negative valence. In motivational theory, valence refers to the value an individual places on the outcomes of a behavior. When someone exhibits negative valence toward a reward, it means they do not see it as desirable or beneficial. This can stem from various reasons, such as a lack of alignment between the reward and the individual's personal goals, or a belief that the reward does not hold enough significance to motivate them effectively.

In contrast, positive valence would indicate that an individual sees the rewards as valuable and desirable. High instrumentality refers to the belief that achieving a performance level will lead to the desired outcome, while expectancy involves the belief that one can perform the tasks required to achieve that reward. Sally’s indifference to rewards suggests that she does not find them appealing or worthwhile, thereby demonstrating negative valence.